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Dongguan Minz Rubber & Plastics Co., Ltd.

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O-ring is a small section of the ring seal products.

Release time:

2019-05-25 12:30

Source:

O-ringIs a small section of the ring seal products.
 
O-ring seal is a small section of the ring seal products. Its common cross-section is round, special also have square seal ring, X-type seal ring, H-type seal ring and other special-shaped cross-section products, usually O-ring seal products are made of synthetic rubber materials, while special ones are made of metal or other non-rubber materials. It is mainly installed in the commonly used rectangular groove and chamfer groove, but also installed in the dovetail groove, partial rectangular groove and other special-shaped groove. Rubber O-rings can be used alone or in combination with other non-rubber seals.
 
At present in our country, the circular cross-section O-ring made of rubber is still a kind of seal with a wide range of uses and a large amount of needs.
O-ring has the following advantages:

1. Simple structure, small size and compact installation parts;
2. It has a self-sealing effect and does not require periodic adjustment;
3, static seal can do not leak;
4, large adaptability, wide use;
5 is cheap. The sealing principle of O-ring
 
We compare O-rings with plain washers. The contact pressure distribution of the flat gasket is uniform. If the medium pressure Pi is greater than the contact pressure, leakage may occur. The initial contact pressure of the O-ring is uneven. When working, the O-ring moves along the direction of the force under the action of internal pressure and changes its cross-sectional shape, and the contact pressure on the sealing surface changes accordingly.
Its large value Pmax will be greater than the internal pressure of the medium, so no leakage will occur. This is the sealing mechanism of the O-ring used as a static seal. This process of changing the state of the O-ring by the pressure of the medium itself to achieve sealing is called "self-sealing effect". Practice has proved that this self-sealing effect is good for preventing leakage.
 
In order to achieve the self-sealing effect, the O-ring should be installed so that it has a certain amount of compression deformation. When the roughness of the groove wall is low, the self-sealing effect can be achieved even if the deformation amount is small (about 0.1mm). However, when the roughness of the groove wall is high and the internal pressure is small, the self-sealing effect is difficult to be generated, and the compression deformation amount needs to be increased.
In the case of temperature changes, the additional deformation of the temperature effect needs to be taken into account. The effect of self-sealing is limited. When the internal pressure is too high, the "rubber extrusion" phenomenon of the O-ring will appear. That is, because there is a gap in the sealing part, the O-ring under high pressure will produce stress concentration in the gap. When the pressure is too high to the rubber material of the O-ring seal, the rubber material will be squeezed out, forming a flash embedded in the gap. At this time, although the O-ring seal can temporarily maintain the seal, it is actually damaged.
 
When the O-ring is used as a reciprocating seal, its pre-sealing effect and self-sealing effect are the same as static sealing. However, because the rod movement is easy to bring the fluid between the O-ring and the rod, therefore, the situation is more complicated than the static seal, assuming that the fluid is lubricating oil, the pressure only acts on the side of its contact with the O-ring, if the O-ring and the rod contact part of the enlarged contact surface is actually uneven, not every point is in contact with the metal surface. The oil pressure Pi acts on the left side of the O-ring.
 
Due to the existence of self-sealing effect, the contact pressure generated by the O-ring on the rod is greater than Pi and sealed. However, when the rod starts to move to the right, the oil adhering to the rod is brought to the wedge-shaped slit. Due to the hydrodynamic pressure effect, the pressure of this part of the oil is greater than Pi. When it is greater than the contact pressure of the O-ring on the rod, the oil squeezes into the recess of the O-ring, the rod continues to slide to the right, and the oil leaks along the direction of the rod movement. When the rod moves to the left, it is not easy to leak because the movement direction of the rod is opposite to the pressure direction of the rod.

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